cost estimating

Although many literatures take impact cost into consideration, they usually set it directly instead of estimating it based on models.

很多相关文献同样也考虑了冲击成本，但都是直接给定，没有通过数学模型进行比较客观的估算。

WBS'accuracy and definition is very important to cost estimating among the inputs.

在成本估算的输入条件中,工作分解表(WBS)的详尽和准确非常重要.

However, often because of the time restraints in design phase, the structures design alternatives, cost estimating and optimization are seldom considered in the structure engineering.

但是，由于设计阶段的时间限制，一般很少针对结构工程进行多方案的设计、成本估计和优化。

All of the following are outputs of cost estimating EXCEPT?

下列各项哪一项不是成本估算的输出?

The procedures for estimating tax expenditure cost can be conducted on the macro-and micro-level in a coordinating way.

税式支出成本估算可于微观、宏观两个层面同时展开探索试验。

The article chiefly elaborates opening up the channel of new product, cost estimating and opening up channel of olw cost and new product etc. It will have reality significance and function for enterprise participate international market competition and increase economic benefit.

主要阐述了新产品的开发途径、成本估算和开发低成本新产品的途径等内容，对企业参与国际、国内市场竞争，提高经济效益具有现实意义和作用。

research on cost estimating system for mechanical parts manufacturing based on similarity

基于相似性的机械零件制造成本估算系统研究

Research on Strategy of Product Cost Estimating Design Method of Reducing Cost

产品成本估算策略及降低成本的设计方法研究

Research on Cost Estimating Method Based on Feature Mapping of Mechanical Products

基于特征映射的机械产品成本估算方法研究

A method for estimating power customer interruption cost function

一种电力用户停电损失函数估算方法

Accurate cost estimating plays an important part not only in structures design optimization but also in client's project decision and cost controlling.

准确的成本估计不仅在结构设计优化中起着重要作用，而且在业主的项目决策和投资控制中起着重要作用。

Some contractors have well established cost estimating procedures while others do not.

有些承包商拥有良好的估价程序，而有些则没有。